Language Information

Slovak alphabet and pronunciation

Grammar

The normal word order is Subject-Verb-Object

There are no articles in the Slovak language. If it is really necessary to emphasize that the thing that one is talking about was already mentioned, the demonstrative pronoun ten (fem: tá, neuter: to) can be used in front of the noun.

There are four grammatical genders in Slovak language: animate masculine, inanimate masculine, feminine and neuter. In popular description, the first two genders are often covered under common masculine gender.

There is the singular and the plural numbers.

Morphological cases:

· the nominative case (the subject; the basic form of the word; answers the question Who / What)

· the genitive case (answers the questions Of whom / Of what)

· the dative case (answers the question To whom / To what)

· the accusative case (the direct object; answers the question Whom / What)

· the locative case (used after the prepositions *na, *po, *o, pri, *v)

· the instrumental case (answers the question By (means of) whom / By (means of) what)

An adjective, pronoun and partly also a numeral agrees in person, gender and case with the noun it refers to. An adjective always precedes the corresponding noun.

The comparative is formed by replacing the adjective ending -ý/y/i/í by -ejší or -ší. There are exact rules for the choice between these two endings and there are several irregular comparatives. The superlative is formed as follows: naj+comparative. The comparative and superlative of adverbs (which end in -o, -e or -y in the basic form) is formed by simply replacing the -(ej)ší from the adjective by -(ej)šie.

The verb (predicate) agrees in person and number with its subject.

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